CHAPTER V
CLOSING
A.
Conclusion
The epilogue from this
chapter is to give the answer towards problems formulated in research question.
From the research of the concept of tasbīĥ
al-‘ālam (universe’s glorification) we can take some conclusions as
following:
1.
Ibn ‘Arabī is dominated by his concept of wahdatul
wujūd in explaining about the concept of tasbīĥ al-‘ālam (universe’s glorification). He sees the reality
of this ‘ālam (universe) is unvisible as something else from the Form Essence as
former all existing because the reality of universe is the manifestation (tajalli)
of God’s names (asmā ilāhi).
2.
Al-Rāzī explains two methods of tasbīĥ (glorification). They are
through tongue (lisānul maqāl) and with each condition (lisānul hāl).
According to him something that alive and mukallaf is able to glorify
Allah with two methods. First, saying
the sentence "Subĥānallah" through tongue. Second, with his
each condition that shows Allah oneness and majesty. While witless thing, like
animal and inanimate creature glorify
Allah just by second method or with their
condition as new creature. Al-Rāzī comprehends the concept of tasbīĥ al-‘ālam (universe’s
glorification) in metaphoric meaning (majāzi). It is in the obedience meaning to follow Allah laws (sunatullah) on it.
Suitability and neatness of Allah creation shows that it is very perfect and
congenial, not only in the form or work system as one unitary but also in each part and details unit. That
suitability is its tasbīĥ (glorification).[1]
3.
There are some differences between Ibn ‘Arabī and Fakhr
al-Dīn al-Rāzī in interpreting the concept of tasbīĥ al-‘ālam (universe’s glorification). The first different
is the interpretation approach that is used by Ibn ‘Arabī and Al-Rāzī. Ibn ‘Arabī uses mystical approach and esoteric meaning while al-Rāzī uses his
rationality. The second is in
interpreting the way or process of tasbīĥ
al-‘ālam (universe’s glorification). According to Ibn ‘Arabī, tasbīĥ (glorification) that done by
everything in this universe is with each
specialty or readiness to receive God’s manifestation. According to him tasbīĥ (glorification) as the process to gets annihilation and
to reachs wahdatul wujūd. [2] However al-Rāzī
state that there are two methods of tasbīĥ (glorification), through tongue (lisānul maqāl)
and with each condition (lisānul hāl).
According to him something
that alive and mukallaf is able
to glorify Allah through those two methods, first by saying the sentence "Subĥānallah"
through tongue, second, with his each condition that shows Allah oneness and
majesty. Al-Rāzī interprets the process of tasbīĥ (glorification) metaphorically (majāzi). [3] The
third different is in regarding about universe itself. Ibn ‘Arabī divides ‘ālam
(universe) into two part, material and spiritual, in other word he divided ‘ālam
(universe) into physical and metaphysical while al-Rāzī divides ‘ālam (universe)
into some groups i.e. First, animate
creature and mukallaf, second, animate creature and not mukallaf
and third dead thing. He considers that
inanimate creature really is the creature which has not alive, felling,
comprehension, science, ability and pronunciation.[4]
4.
The similarity between Ibn ‘Arabī and Fakhr al-Dīn
al-Rāzī in interpreting the concept of tasbīĥ al-‘ālam (universe’s glorification) is both of them have
a same opinion that tasbīĥ (glorification)
is a process of purifying to God.
B.
Suggestion
After
doing research about the concept of tasbīĥ
al-‘ālam (universe’s glorification), the author would like to give
some suggestions as follows:
- Because of the limitation and lack of uncovering, discussing and understanding the interpretation of Ibn ‘Arabī and al-Rāzī, so there is a confusion and limitation in explaining their thought substance. So, it is expected to people to continue this discussion to be better.
- The author hopes that this research gives advantages, especially for author self and generally for whoever who want study about interpretation of Ibn ‘Arabī and al-Rāzī, especially in the concept of tasbīĥ al-‘ālam (universe’s glorification).
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